Integrating Digital Tools and Learning Strategies to Enhance Speaking Proficiency: Evidence from a Mixed-Methods Study in Indonesian EFL Universities

Fitra Pinandhita

doi:10.62775/edukasia.v6i2.1674

Authors

Fitra Pinandhita Universitas PGRI Madiun

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v6i2.1674

Keywords:

Digital Tools, Language Learning Strategies, Speaking Improvements, Mixed Methods, EFL Students

Abstract

Advances in educational technology have changed the paradigm of English learning, especially in mastering speaking skills. This research departs from the need to integrate digital tools with language learning strategies in a structured manner to improve the speaking ability of EFL students in Indonesian universities. The novelty of this study lies in the mixed methods approach that associates quantitative data on the increase in speaking scores with the qualitative narrative of student learning experience, as well as focusing on advanced students (sixth semester) at three universities in Central Java. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which the combination of digital technology and learning strategies can improve speaking skills, identify the most effective combinations of strategies, and understand students' perceptions and experiences of these applications. The study used a convergent parallel mixed methods design, involving 60–120 participants for quantitative data and 8–16 for qualitative data. Results showed significant improvements in fluency, accuracy, vocabulary, and pronunciation, with a large effect size (d > 0.8). Metacognitive strategies with MALL applications proved to be the most effective, followed by cognitive strategies on collaborative platforms and social-affective strategies through speech recognition tools.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agbo, F. J., Olaleye, S. A., Bower, M., & Oyelere, S. S. (2023). Examining the relationships between students’ perceptions of technology, pedagogy, and cognition: The case of immersive virtual reality mini games to foster computational thinking in higher education. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00233-1

‘Ainiyah, K., & Ali, H. (2025). Analisis Pengaruh Desain Kemasan Produk dan Daya Tarik Iklan Terhadap Brand Awareness dan Dampaknya Pada Minat Beli Konsumen. Jurnal Humaniora, Ekonomi Syariah Dan Muamalah, 2(3), 128–139. https://doi.org/10.38035/jhesm.v2i3.279

Alek, A. (2023). The Impact of Technology on English Language Education in Indonesia: A Theoretical Review. BiCED Proceeding, 1, 45–63.

Apriyadi, D. W., Meiji, N. H. P., Widianto, A. A., Berlian, A. C. L., Ningtyas, A. P. D. C., Wardani, D. J., & Pebrianto, M. (2025). Optimalisasi Branding Agroeduwisata Jeruk-Jeruk Desa Samar Kecamatan Pagerwojo Kabupaten Tulungagung Guna Menuju Desa Wisata. Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 9(1), 46-56-46–56. https://doi.org/10.30651/aks.v9i1.16637

Ardiansyah, Risnita, & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Teknik Pengumpulan Data Dan Instrumen Penelitian Ilmiah Pendidikan Pada Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. IHSAN : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v1i2.57

Arsita, M., Lestari, U., Elisma, E., & M. R. Efendi, M. R. E. (2022). Physical Properties and Anti-Mosquito Activities of Lotion Male from Palm Flower Extract (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 1(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v1i1.42857

Baihaqi, S. A., & Widodo, S. (2025). Pengaruh Digital Marketing melalui Meta Ads terhadap Brand Awareness UMKM Kopi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 5(4), 1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.713

Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937

Branzan, L. (2022). Non-linguistic Thinking as an Effective Tool for Innovation in Education. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on “Electronics, Communications and Computing", 312–317. https://doi.org/10.52326/ic-ecco.2022/kbs.06

Bull, G., Garofalo, J., & Hguyen, N. R. (2020). Thinking about computational thinking: Origins of computational thinking in educational computing. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 36(1), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2019.1694381

Cahya, A. N., Sutanto, S., Zuhri, M. S., & Aritonang, E. V. A. (2023). Development of the Thematic KKN Evaluation Information System MBKM Program Membangun Desa. Journal of Information Engineering and Educational Technology, 7(1), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.26740/jieet.v7n1

Christensen, I.-M. F. (2023). Computing with concepts using tangible, computational tools: A 21st century competency for teachers and students in the humanities. Tidsskriftet Læring Og Medier (LOM), 15(27). https://doi.org/10.7146/lom.v15i27.134149

Delyana, H., Yusri, R., Mardiyah, A., Istikhfar, I., & Ningsih, E. P. (2022). Pelatihan Penggunaan Software Geogebra dalam Memecahkan Soal Geometri Ruang Berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning. ADMA : Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 3(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.30812/adma.v3i1.2094

Dewi, F. S., Dhaﬁana, N., Rohmah, S. R. U., & Rustini, T. (2024). Mengasah Keterampilan Sosial Peserta Didik: Permainan Tradisional Sebagai Sarana Pembelajaran Interaktif di Kelas. Sindoro Cendikia Pendidikan, 4(7), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9644/sindoro.v4i7.3404

Djasuli, M., Sa, C., Parta, I. N., & Daniel, T. (2017). Students ’ Reflective Abstraction in Solving Number Sequence Problems. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 12(6), 621–632.

Foscar, E. C. (2021). Lagoonscapes The Venice Journal of Environmental Humanities. Edizioni Ca’ Foscari - Digital Publishing | Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari | Dorsoduro 3246, 30123 Venezia, Italia | Ecf@unive.It, 1(2), 169–263.

Gadanidis, G., Hughes, J. M., Minniti, L., & White, B. J. G. (2017). Computational Thinking, Grade 1 Students and the Binomial Theorem. Digital Experiences in Mathematics Education, 3(2), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40751-016-0019-3

Hidayati, D. W. (2017). Diagnosa Kesulitan Metacognitive Awareness terhadap Proses Pemecahan Masalah Matematika. JNPM (Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Matematika), 1(2), 206–217.

Hwang, G. J., & Wang, S. Y. (2016). Single loop or double loop learning: English vocabulary learning performance and behavior of students in situated computer games with different guiding strategies. Computers and Education, 102, 188–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.07.005

Ijirana, I., & Mansyur, J. (2020). Patterns of Metacognitive Skills and External Representation of Students in Chemistry Problem Solving. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 25(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.17977/um048v25i2p58-65

Ishtiaq, M. (2019). Book Review Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. English Language Teaching, 12(5), 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n5p40

Kamaruddin, E. (2020). The Application of E-Learning Mathematics Using Moodle in Improving Students’ Problem Solving Ability. JISAE: Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21009/jisae.v6i1.14432

Khan, A., Khan, S., Zia-Ul-Islam, S., & Khan, M. (2017). Communication Skills of a Teacher and Its Role in the Development of the Students’ Academic Success. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(1), 18–21.

Lozano-Arias, J., Rodríguez-Sedano, F. J., González-Alonso, M.-I., & Conde, M. Á. (2021). Using Educational Robotic Exoskeleton for the Acquisition of Cross-Curricular Competences in Higher Education. Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’21), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1145/3486011.3486418

Ng, O. L. (2019). Examining Technology-Mediated Communication Using a Commognitive Lens: The Case of Touchscreen-Dragging in Dynamic Geometry Environments. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 17(6), 1173–1193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-018-9910-2

Panggulu, B. P. J. (2022). Penerapan Digital Marketing Humas Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya Melalui Instagram @Ubharasurabaya dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Mahasiswa Baru. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jambi, 6(2), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.22437/jisipunja.v6i2.20328

Pradini, P. C., & Adnyayanti, N. L. P. E. (2022). Teaching English Vocabulary to Young Learners with Wordwall Application: An Experimental Study. Journal of Educational Study, 2(2), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.36663/joes.v2i2.351

Reflina. (2020). Kesulitan mahasiswa calon guru matematika dalam menyelesaikan soal pembuktian matematis pada mata kuliah geometri. Jurnal Analisa, 6(1), 80–90.

Runisah, Herman, T., & Dahlan, J. A. (2016). The Enhancement of Students ’ Creative Thinking Skills in Mathematics through The 5E Learning Cycle with Metacognitive Technique. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(7), 347–360.

Saad, A., & and Zainudin, S. (2024). A review of teaching and learning approach in implementing Project-Based Learning (PBL) with Computational Thinking (CT). Interactive Learning Environments, 32(10), 7622–7646. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2328280

Saari, E. M., & Hopkins, G. (2020). Computational thinking – Essential and pervasive toolset. Asian Journal Of Assessment In Teaching And Learning, 10(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.37134/ajatel.vol10.1.3.2020

Sjöström, J., Economou, C., Edström, A.-M., Ekberg, J.-E., Svensson Källberg, P., Larneby, M., Liljefors Persson, B., Ryan, U., Schubert, P., Wangen, B., & Örbring, D. (2024). Knowledge Contributions from Different School Subjects to Cross-Curricular Didactics for Bildung and Sustainability. In C. Hilli, N. Mård, C. Hilli, N. Mård, N. Jugansson, E. Ekholm, L. Forsman, M. Björkgren, A. Kallioniemi, S. Kairavuori, H. Niinistö, J. Sjöström, C. Economou, A.-M. Edström, J.-E. Ekberg, P. Svensson Källberg, M. Larneby, B. Liljefors Persson, U. Ryan, … M. Nousiainen, Ainedidaktisia tutkimuksia. Suomen ainedidaktinen tutkimusseura. https://doi.org/10.23988/sats.1009.c1402

Small, M. (2017). Teaching Mathematical Thinking: Tasks and Questions for Strengthen Practices and Processes. Teachers College Press.

Suharna, H., Hairun, Y., Abdullah, I. H., Alhaddad, I., Afandi, A., Ardiana, & Sari, D. P. (2020). The Reflective Thinking Elementary Student in Solving Problems Based on Mathematic Ability. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(6), 3880–3891.

Tamam, B., & Dasari, D. (2021). The use of Geogebra software in teaching mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1882(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1882/1/012042

Utami, Y. P. (2020). The Effect Of Using STIFIn Method In Teaching Speaking English Conversation At The Tenth Grade Of SMK Bina Satria Medan [Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara]. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/10252/

Weese, J. L. (2016). Mixed Methods for the Assessment and Incorporation of Computational Thinking in K-12 and Higher Education. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research, 279–280. https://doi.org/10.1145/2960310.2960347

Zehavi, N., & Mann, G. (2005). Instrumented Techniques and Reflective Thinking in Analytic Geometry. The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast, 2(22), 1551–3440.

Zhang, C., Ph, D., Fan, H., Xia, J., Guo, H., Ph, D., Jiang, X., & Yan, Y. (2017). The Effects of Reflective Training on the Disposition of Critical Thinking for Nursing Students in China: A Controlled Trial. Asian Nursing Research, 11(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2017.07.002

Zouganeli, E., Tyssø, V., Feng, B., Arnesen, K., & Kapetanovic, N. (2014). Project-based learning in programming classes—The effect of open project scope on student motivation and learning outcome. IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline), 19(3), 12232–12236. https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.02412

Zulhazlinda, W., Noviani, L., & Sangka, K. B. (2023). Pengaruh TPACK Terhadap Kesiapan Menjadi Guru Profesional Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Ekonomi Di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE), 11(1), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v11n1.p26-38